Rapamycin Attenuated Cardiac Hypertrophy Induced by Isoproterenol and Maintained Energy Homeostasis via Inhibiting NF-κB Activation

Figure 4

NF-κB participates in the protective role of Rapa in regressing cardiac hypertrophy and energy homeostasis. (a) Cardiac myocytes were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin followed by cell surface area quantitation. (b) Gene expression pattern of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) among different groups. The mRNA was prepared and normalized to GAPDH gene. (c) Fluorescence of mitochondrial in TMRE loaded active cardiac myocytes under different treatments. The relative values of TMRE fluorescence intensity was normalized to 1.0. Scale bar, 20 μm. The results were obtained from three independent experiments. (d) ATP production. 𝑛=3 experiments in duplicate. Error bars, SD. ^∗𝑃<0.05 versus control group; ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus control group; ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 versus control group; ^#𝑃<0.05 versus model group; ^##𝑃<0.01 versus model group; and ^###𝑃<0.001 versus model group.

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