Leukocyte Production of Inflammatory Mediators Is Inhibited by the Antioxidants Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, and Resveratrol

Figure 3

Production of the chemokines CCL2, CCL5, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and CXCL5. Human PBMCs were cultured for 18 hrs in media alone, stimulated with Aa Y4 LPS (1 μg/mL), or treated with Phloretin, Silymarin, Hesperetin, or Resveratrol at a concentration of 1×10⁻⁴ M for 2 hrs prior to, and throughout, stimulation. After 18 hrs, the concentrations of (a) CCL2, (b) CCL5, (c) MIP-1α, (d) MIP-1β, and (e) CXCL5, were assayed by cytometric bead array. ANOVA was performed for statistical analysis, ^∗𝑃<0.05 indicating statistical significance versus LPS. ^#Outside of range (above), 𝑛=3 independent donors.

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