Metformin Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis through Reciprocal Regulation of Th17/Treg Balance and Osteoclastogenesis
Figure 2
Regulation of Th17 cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in CIA spleen. Spleen tissue was obtained from metformin-treated CIA and control CIA on day 35 after first immunization. (a) Confocal staining examined by antibodies: Th17 cell was stained with CD4 (red) and IL-17 (green). CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were stained with CD4 (red), CD25 (blue), and Foxp3 (green). For activated STATs analysis, the tissues were stained with CD4 and pSTAT3 S727, pSTAT3 Y705, or pSTAT5. All images were performed for each mouse (), showing representative images (scale bar = 10 μm). (b) The mean values are presented in the form of a histogram by four individuals. Results are shown as mean ± SD ( mice per group). Mean ± SD of three independent experiments (; ).
