Glycyrrhizic Acid Promotes M1 Macrophage Polarization in Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Associated with the Activation of JNK and NF-κB

Figure 4

Effect of GA on M1- and M2-related markers expression in BMDMs. BMDMs were treated with GA (100 μg/mL) for 48 h, the cells and supernatants were collected. (a) CCR7 and MR expressions were analyzed by FACS and (c) TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-6 secretions were quantified by ELISA. (b) BMDMs were treated with GA (100 μg/mL) for 6 h, total RNA was extracted, and TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, Ym1, MR, and FIZZ1 expressions were measured by real-time PCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. , (-test).

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