Lipid Peroxidation-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Cell Apoptosis through Activation of NF-κB Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Cells

Figure 8

Schematic model showing the mechanism of lipid peroxidation toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells. 4-HNE activates NF-κB pathway by increasing nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Then, intracellular inflammation pathways are activated, such as IL1-β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2, to open the apoptotic cascade.