The Link between Fetal Programming, Inflammation, Muscular Strength, and Blood Pressure

Table 1

Relationship between handgrip strength (HG), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.

	ACFIES (Colombian)		HELENA (Pan-European)		PANCS (Norwegian)
	HG	CRF	HG	CRF	HG	CRF
SBP	−0.077	0.003	−0.090	−0.046	−0.06	−0.14
DBP	−0.196	−0.148	—	—	—	—
HOMA	−0.178	−0.162	−0.186	−0.265	−0.19	−0.31
TG	−0.104	−0.037	−0.119	−0.168	−0.07	−0.20
CRP	−0.107	−0.045	−0.139	−0.141

Values shown are β coefficients or values for the relationship between HG (/kg bodyweight) or CRF and markers of cardiometabolic risk. HG:Handgrip/kg body weight; CRF: ACFIES, HELENA estimated CRF using a 20 m shuttle run test, PANCS directly assessed CRF using a progressive cycle ergometer test.
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HOMA: Homeostasis Model assessment index; TG: triglyceride; CRP: C reactive protein.
ACFIES data is Cohen et al. 2014 [51], HELENA is Artero et al. 2011 [40] except for CRP, which is Artero et al. 2014 [40], and PANCS is Steene-Johannessen et al. 2009 [41].
< 0.05, < 0.01, and < 0.001.