Levo-Tetrahydropalmatine Attenuates Bone Cancer Pain by Inhibiting Microglial Cells Activation

Figure 4

Intragastric administration of L-THP suppressed TCI-induced activation of microglia cells but had no effect on activation of astrocytes. (a and b) Time courses for astrocytes and microglial cells activation after TCI treatment. (c and e) Repetitive administration of L-THP at early phase (postoperative days 3, 4, and 5) significantly suppressed TCI-induced microglial cells activation. (d and f) Repetitive administration of L-THP at late phase (postoperative days 7, 8, and 9) suppressed TCI-induced microglial cells activation but had no effect on TCI-induced astrocytes activation. GFAP and s-100β are the specific protein markers for astrocyte. Iba-1 is the specific protein marker for microglial cell. Tissues were collected one day after the last administration of L-THP. Four samples were included in each group. and indicate significant differences compared with sham group (b) or sham + vehicle group (e and f). indicates significant differences compared with relevant TCI + vehicle group.

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