Mechanisms of Thymoquinone Hepatorenal Protection in Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity in Rats

Table 2

Effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate; NO), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α levels in rat kidney homogenate exposed to methotrexate (MTX).

	Control	TQ	MTX	MTX/TQ
GSH (mol/g tissue)	12.9 ± 2.4	11.2 ± 3.3	5.1 ± 2.3^a	9.5 ± 4.3^b,c
Catalase (U/g tissue)	9.4 ± 0.9	9.9 ± 0.9	6.1 ± 0.9^a	7.8 ± 0.5^b
MDA (nmol/g tissue)	17.8 ± 8.4	21.3 ± 5.2	42.9 ± 11.4^a	25.1 ± 6.3^b,c
NO (nmol/0.1 g tissue)	85.4 ± 12.4	78.3 ± 14.6	156.8 ± 13.6^a	100.1 ± 18.3^b,c
TNF-α (ng/g tissue)	99.3 ± 16.1	103.8 ± 11.3	170.4 ± 14.6^a	125.5 ± 12.8^b

Values are represented as means ± SEM of 8–11 observations. ^aSignificant difference compared to control, ^bsignificant difference compared to MTX, and ^cno significant difference compared to control. Significant difference is reported when .