Mechanisms of Thymoquinone Hepatorenal Protection in Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity in Rats

Table 3

Effect of thymoquinone (TQ) on reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate; NO), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α levels in rat liver homogenate exposed to methotrexate (MTX).

	Control	TQ	MTX	MTX/TQ
GSH (mol/g tissue)	25.3 ± 6.3	27.4 ± 4.3	12.3 ± 3.3^a	18.9 ± 5.3^b
Catalase (U/g tissue)	13.2 ± 1.1	12.9 ± 0.9	5.2 ± 1.8^a	9.1 ± 2.1^b
MDA (nmol/g tissue)	34.1 ± 9.3	39.5 ± 11.4	62.9 ± 19.3^a	52.4 ± 10.8^b
NO (nmol/0.1 g tissue)	76.4 ± 12.1	79.3 ± 8.9	122.2 ± 14.1^a	96.1 ± 14.2^b
TNF-α (ng/g tissue)	49.2 ± 6.1	53.1 ± 10.3	129.7 ± 21.5^a	81.7 ± 24.1^b

Values are represented as means ± SEM of 8–11 observations. ^aSignificant difference compared to control, ^bsignificant difference compared to MTX. Significant difference is reported when .