Parallel Aspects of the Microenvironment in Cancer and Autoimmune Disease

Table 3

Example concentrations of cytokines and chemokines in the microenvironment.

		Cancer (breast, pg/mL/mg)	RA (SF, pg/mL)	MS/EAE (CSF, pg/mL)	SLE (serum, pg/mL)
IL-1	Disease	2.7–3.5 [99, 100]	2.6 [36]; 9.26 [101]	0.02 [102]; 44.1 [103]	0.24 [104]; 11 [105]
	Healthy/remission	0 [100]	0 [36]; 7.7 [101]	0 [102]	0.1 [104]; 5 [105]
TNF	Disease	7.2 [100]	14.0 [106]	1.85 [102]; 5.34 [107]; 9.0 [108]; 39.4 [103]	0.34 [104]; 1.24 [109]; 7.8–8.0 [110, 111]; 44.76 [105]
	Healthy/remission	1.6 [100]	3.5 [106]	0.93 [102]; 1.95 [107]	0.1–2.2 [104, 109, 111]; 20 [105]
IFN	Disease	27.6 [100]	0 [36]	3.27 [102]; 5.7 [107]; 11.6 [108]	0.64 [104]; 6.5–7.05 [109, 110]
	Healthy/remission	16.6 [100]	0–3.5 [36, 106]	0.2–0.52 [102, 108]; 3.7 [107]	1.3–11.7 [104, 109, 110]
IL-17A	Disease	0 [100]	0 [36]; 12 [112]	6.93 [102]; 16.53 [107]	97.42 [109]
	Healthy/remission	0 [100]	0 [36]; 4 [112]	3.36 [102]; 13.7 [107]	3.30 [109]
IL-6	Disease	17.2 [100]	1,253 [36]; 355 [101]	2.86 [102]; 6.02 [107]; 13.2 [103, 108]	10.02 [109]; 20.8 [110]; 70.45 [105]
	Healthy/remission	1.2 [100]	1,170 [36]; 87 [101]	2.5–12 [102, 108]; 6.24 [107]	0.5–2.18 [109, 110]; 20 [105]
TGF	Disease	86.7 [113]	768 [36]	74.6 [107]	42,990 [109]
	Healthy/remission		0 [36]	64 [107]	82,710 [109]
IL-10	Disease	0.3 [100]	16.2 [36]	0.95 [102]; 4.34 [107]	1.2 [111]; 2.82 [31, 104]; 9.78 [109]
	Healthy/remission	0 [100]	0 [36]	0–0.63; 1.13 [102]; 0.38 [107]	0.54 [104, 109, 111]
CCL2/MCP-1	Disease	121 [100]	25,000 [114]	116.3 [108]; 574.4	136 [115]
	Healthy/remission	1.9 [100]	920–2900 [114]	163–526 [108, 116]	71 [115]
VEGF	Disease	1,148 [117]	1,100 [118]; 1,800 [119]	Below the level of detection [120]	300.8 [121]
	Healthy/remission	163 [117]	700 [119]	Below the level of detection [120]	124 [121]
IL-4	Disease	1.7–3.1 [99, 100]	0 [36]	0.17 [102]; 3.3 [107]; 8.6 [116]	0.1–0.2 [104, 110]
	Healthy/remission	0 [100]	0 [36]	0.03–0.1 [102, 116]; 1.74 [107]	0; 1–0.3 [104, 110]
IL-8	Disease	68 [100]	584 [101]	30–35 [102, 122]	358 [111]
	Healthy/remission	1 [100]	451 [101]	28–31 [102, 122]	150 [111]
IL-12	Disease	2.3 [100]	10.5 [106]	1.44 [102]; 4.9 [116]	1.0 [104]
	Healthy/remission	1.4 [100]	6.1 [106]	0.56–1.4 [102, 116]	0.18 [104]

Measured in tumor extracts.
Measured in the synovial fluid (SF).
Measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).