Folic Acid Supplementation Mitigates Alzheimer’s Disease by Reducing Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 3
The levels of serum biomarkers parameters at baseline and 6-month follow-up in folic acid and control groups.
Item
Groups
Cases ()
Treatment time
Repeated measures
Before treatment
At 6 months
Interaction effect, P (η)
Time effect, P (η)
Group effect, P (η)
Folate (nmol/L)
Intervention
61
11.98 (8.04, 17.68)
25.37 (10.87, 34.54)
0.001 (0.937)
0.000 (0.972)
0.001 (0.933)
Control
60
10.76 (7.53, 16.37)
10.76 (7.99, 16.99)
Vitamin B12 (pmol/L)
Intervention
61
289.96 (233.88, 406.16)
289.22 (240.89, 397.68)
0.627 (0.077)
0.854 (0.054)
0.488 (0.106)
Control
60
329.06 (231.86, 455.04)
328.33 (225.58, 445.82)
Hcy (µmol/L)
Intervention
61
17.55 7.25
12.25 6.93
0.096 (0.385)
0.000 (0.994)
0.001 (0.903)
Control
60
19.16 7.34
16.73 6.13
SAM (nmol/L)
Intervention
61
78.53 35.02
99.04 33.14
0.012 (0.712)
0.055 (0.485)
0.092 (0.391)
Control
60
83.81 32.11
81.06 29.55
SAH (nmol/L)
Intervention
61
127.20 45.48
97.24 52.19
0.051 (0.499)
0.004 (0.826)
0.078 (0.422)
Control
60
126.19 54.33
120.39 38.40
SAM/SAH
Intervention
61
0.57 (0.49, 0.75)
1.27 (0.69, 1.85)
0.000 (0.999)
0.000 (0.991)
0.004 (0.882)
Control
60
0.61 (0.51, 0.80)
0.62 (0.53, 0.78)
Aβ40 (pg/mL)
Intervention
61
30.11 (11.98, 63.39)
22.72 (8.83, 54.48)
0.003 (0.843)
0.827 (0.048)
0.029 (0.592)
Control
60
32.94 (12.39, 60.23)
46.47 (16.33, 92.43)
Aβ42 (pg/mL)
Intervention
61
53.88 (35.72, 115.56)
45.17 (31.11, 68.22)
0.306 (0.175)
0.009 (0.754)
0.021 (0.642)
Control
60
42.32 (19.62, 76.66)
35.67 (23.66, 56.01)
Aβ42/Aβ40
Intervention
61
2.12 (1.07, 3.40)
1.86 (0.81, 4.98)
0.029 (0.594)
0.136 (0.319)
0.001 (0.940)
Control
60
1.46 (0.56, 3.75)
0.85 (0.29, 1.80)
IL-6 (pg/mL)
Intervention
61
8.12 (5.93, 12.61)
9.94 (6.87, 13.30)
0.334 (0.161)
0.398 (0.134)
0.004 (0.834)
Control
60
10.23 (6.12, 16.98)
10.88 (6.77, 18.71)
TNFα (pg/mL)
Intervention
61
62.88 (26.53, 277.39)
56.08 (21.06, 252.61)
0.021 (0.638)
0.504 (0.102)
0.308 (0.174)
Control
60
85.89 (18.81, 261.05)
112.42 (26.37, 254.75)
MMSE
Intervention
61
18.56 6.23
18.72 6.56
0.041 (0.538)
0.167 (0.281)
0.274 (0.193)
Control
60
17.63 7.77
16.80 8.26
ADL
Intervention
61
32.87 10.88
32.93 10.93
0.895 (0.052)
0.698 (0.067)
0.615 (0.079)
Control
60
33.97 13.42
34.10 14.15
Biochemical variables are presented as mean ± SD or median (quartiles). Results are expressed as proportion, mean ± SD, or median (). Hcy, SAM, SAH, MMSE, and ADL, which were normally distributed, and folate, vitamin B12, SAM/SAH, Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/Aβ40, IL-6, and TNFα, which were normally distributed after logarithmic transformation, were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA. η describes the percentage of variance explained in the dependent variable by a predictor variable.
