Lack of Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-6 or Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-1 Results in a Failure of the Innate Immune Response after Bacterial Meningitis

Figure 2

Glial cell density in the hippocampus 30 h after pneumococcal meningitis. Coronal brain sections stained with antibodies against GFAP to identify astrocytes (a) or Iba-1 to identify activated microglial cells (c) 30 h after infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae. A detailed section was included. GFAP (b) and Iba-1 (d) immunoreactive cells were quantified per mm² area of the hippocampal formation of infected and healthy mice and represented as -fold of control. Immunoreactive cells were normalized to noninfected controls. The asterisk indicates a significant difference between the animals groups (each group ) mice as determined by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test (; ; ).

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