Immunological Dynamics Associated with Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapies in Naive and Experimented HCV Chronic-Infected Patients

Figure 3

(a) Biomarker networks in naive and experienced HCV patients (before and after treatment) and the HD group. (a) Biomarker networks of the HD group and HCV patients before and after treatment. Frequency of circulating cell subsets (monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, NK cells, NKT cells, CD4⁺ T cells, TCD8⁺, and T reg), serum chemokines (CXCL-8, CXCL-CCL-5, and CCL-2), and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF, IFN-γ, and TNF). (b) Biomarker networks of naive and experienced HCV treatment subgroups (before and after treatment). Frequency of circulating cell subsets (monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, NK cells, NKT cells, CD4⁺ T cells, TCD8⁺, and T reg), serum chemokines (CXCL-8, CXCL-CCL-5, and CCL-2), and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF, IFN-γ, and TNF). Data are expressed as the for the percentage of cells for the subsets of circulating cells or serum concentration for chemokines and cytokines (MFI). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney test for comparisons between groups. Significant differences in between HCV (before or after treatment) and CN are represented by connection lines. Differences between HCV subgroups (before or after treatment) compared to CN are highlighted by “”.

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