Table 1: Summary of patient characteristics.

Patient characteristics Conventional SILS  () M : F 2.75 : 1 Age (years) 46 years (24–96) BMI (kg/m2) 30.596 kg/m2 (19.5–41) Operative time (min) 104 min (35–215) Blood loss (g) 20 ± 15 mL Postoperative hospital stay (days) 2 ± 1 days Wound complications Nil Other complications Biliary leak from duct of Luschka

M: male, F: female, SILS: single-incision laparoscopic surgery, BMI: body mass index.