Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery for Anterior Spinal Procedures

Figure 1

Transesophageal access. (a) Esophageal wall incision. (b) Submucosal tunnel. (c) Visualization of the lung, pleural, aorta, thoracic spine, and esophagus in forward scope position.

(a)

(b)

(c)