Research Article
Standardization of Laparoscopic Pelvic Examination: A Proposal of a Novel System
Table 1
Descriptive summary of the anatomical boundaries and the contents of each pelvic zone.
| Zone | Boundaries | Contents |
| Zone I | Midline anterior abdominal cavity limited by the round ligaments bilaterally | (1) Uterine dome and anterior surface (2) Anterior surface of the broad ligaments (3) Bladder dome (4) Internal ring and inferior epigastric vessels |
| Zone II | Midline posterior zone of the abdominal cavity limited by the uterosacral ligaments bilaterally | (1) Uterine dome and posterior surface (2) Pouch of Douglas (3) Rectovaginal septum (4) Sigmoid colon (5) Presacral peritoneum |
| Zone III | Lateral pelvic sidewalls limited by the uterosacral ligament and the adnexae and infundibulopelvic ligaments | (1) Fallopian tube and ovary (2) Posterior surface of the broad ligament (3) Ovarian fossa (4) Vessels and ureter |
| Zone IV | Pelvic sidewall limited by the round ligament, adnexae and infundibular ligament, and external iliac vessels | (1) External iliac vessels (2) Ilioinguinal nerve |
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