From the Idea to Its Realization: The Evolution of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Neurosurgery

<table>Flexible Hopkins fiberscope. The light is propagated in every fiber by total reflection due to the higher refraction of the glass fiber in relation to its cladding isolation.</table>

Minimally Invasive Surgery

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Figure 10

Figure 10: From the Idea to Its Realization: The Evolution of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Neurosurgery 