The Arrowhead Ministernotomy with Rigid Sternal Plate Fixation: A Minimally Invasive Approach for Surgery of the Ascending Aorta and Aortic Root

Table 1

Preoperative risk factors.

Risk factor		%
Smoking history	1	9.1
Cerebral vascular accident	0	0
Diabetes mellitus	1	9.1
Previous cardiac surgery	3	27.3
Dialysis	0	0