Minimally Invasive Surgery / 2016 / Article / Tab 1 / Clinical Study
Comparison of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Volume and Flow Incentive Spirometry, on Diaphragm Excursion and Pulmonary Function in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Table 1 Demographic characteristics of subjects undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery.
Variables Intervention groups Control group ( ) value (<0.05) Diaphragmatic breathing exercise ( ) Flow incentive spirometry ( ) Volume incentive spirometry ( ) Age (years) (mean ± SD) 41.8 ± 13.6 49.5 ± 16.1 45.5 ± 15.3 46.2 ± 16.4 0.055 NS Gender ( ) M : F 47 : 18 37 : 28 33 : 32 40 : 25 Height (cm) (mean ± SD) 166.8 ± 11.6 165.0 ± 11.1 163.7 ± 10.0 163.5 ± 9.9 0.268 NS Weight (kg) (mean ± SD) 65.2 ± 12.5 63.8 ± 12.6 62.7 ± 19.7 60.2 ± 12.3 0.266 NS BMI (mean ± SD) 23.3 ± 3.3 23.0 ± 4.9 23.4 ± 6.1 22.5 ± 3.5 0.660 NS H/o of smoking 3 2 3 1 H/o of cardiac disease 1 2 2 2 H/o of hypertension 6 9 6 3 H/o of diabetes 2 3 5 7 H/o of asthma 1 Nil 1 3 Duration of surgery (Hrs) 1.78 ± 0.67 1.89 ± 0.59 1.76 ± 0.66 1.80 ± 0.53 0.63 NS Type of laparoscopic abdominal surgery Total number Cholecystectomy 28 39 44 29 140 Hernioplasty 14 15 11 13 53 Umbilical hernia repair 5 1 2 3 11 Appendectomy 16 6 6 15 43 Laparoscopic diagnostic 2 1 Nil 5 8 Bariatric surgery Nil 1 2 Nil 3 Hemicolectomy Nil 2 Nil Nil 2