Scalability Optimization of Seamless Positioning Service

Table 1

Impact of proposed algorithm on positioning error in outdoor environment.

Network	Estimator	Positioning error [m]
		Basic fingerprinting	With map reduction	With map reduction and reduction of transmitters
GSM	NN	144.78 ± 78.15	89.67 ± 64.61	89.67 ± 64.61
GSM	KNN	110.44 ± 71.02	92.42 ± 50.90	92.42 ± 50.90
GSM	WKNN	120.63 ± 69.18	85.10 ± 61.45	85.10 ± 61.45
Wi-Fi	NN	178.47 ± 47.57	18.20 ± 10.74	18.20 ± 10.74
Wi-Fi	KNN	181.24 ± 29.60	21.66 ± 13.18	21.66 ± 13.18
Wi-Fi	WKNN	181.42 ± 29.60	19.22 ± 8.70	19.22 ± 8.70