Dissipation Effects in the Ratchetlike Fermi Acceleration

Figure 1

(a)–(c) The shape of the pulses used in the simulations. The deformed sawtooth effect is obtained when Δ𝜂=𝜂₂−𝜂₁≠0.0. For (a) Δ𝜂=0 we have the symmetric accelerated case 𝐀, (b) Δ𝜂<0 we have the deformed decelerated case 𝐃, and (c) Δ𝜂>0 the deformed hyperaccelerated case 𝐇.

(a)

(b)

(c)