]>

Every interval seconds:  if $(q_{\text{ave}}>q_{\text{target}}\hspace{0.17em}\&\&\hspace{0.17em}{p}_{\max \hspace{0.17em}}<p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}\_}u)$    $p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}}=p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}}+\alpha$;  else    if $(q_{\text{ave}}<q_{\text{target}}\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\&\&\hspace{0.17em}{p}_{\max \hspace{0.17em}>}{p}_{\max \hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}\_}l)$      $p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}}=p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}}\times \beta$;    if $(q_{\text{ave}}\in q_{\text{target}})$     Calculate $\lambda$ by(2.4)      if ($\lambda <-1\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}\&\&\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}w>w_{\min \hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}$)        $w=w\times \gamma$; Parameters: $p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}\_}u$: the upper threshold of $p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}}\text{;}$ p1/0.6 $p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}\_}l$: the lower threshold of $p_{\max \hspace{0.17em}}\text{;}$ p2/0.4 $\gamma$: decrease factor of $w$ $w_{\min \hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}$: the lower threshold of $w\text{;}$$1-\exp \hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}(-1/(10Cd/M))$ Other parameters are the same as those with Adaptive RED

Algorithm 1: Improved ARED algorithm