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Mathematical Problems in Engineering
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Table of Contents
Special Issues
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
/
2010
/
Article
/
Tab 1
/
Research Article
Fractals and Hidden Symmetries in DNA
Table 1
{
Y
0
,
Y
1
,
…
,
Y
p
}
⊕
{
Y
p
+
1
,
Y
p
+
2
,
…
,
Y
2
p
}
⊕
⋯
Complex values sequence
⇓
x
i
=
ℜ
(
Y
i
)
,
y
i
=
ℑ
(
Y
i
)
Real values sequences
⇓
{
x
0
,
x
1
,
…
,
x
p
}
⊕
{
x
p
+
1
,
x
p
+
2
,
…
,
x
2
p
}
⊕
⋯
{
y
0
,
y
1
,
…
,
y
p
}
⊕
{
y
p
+
1
,
y
p
+
2
,
…
,
y
2
p
}
⊕
⋯
〉
Real sequences
⇓
𝒲
p
{
x
0
,
x
1
,
…
,
x
p
}
⊕
𝒲
p
{
x
p
+
1
,
x
p
+
2
,
…
,
x
2
p
}
⊕
⋯
𝒲
p
{
y
0
,
y
1
,
…
,
y
p
}
⊕
𝒲
p
{
y
p
+
1
,
y
p
+
2
,
…
,
y
2
p
}
⊕
⋯
〉
Wavelet transform
⇓
{
α
,
β
0
0
,
β
0
1
,
β
1
1
,
…
}
1
⊕
{
α
,
β
0
0
,
β
0
1
,
β
1
1
,
…
}
2
⊕
⋯
{
α
*
,
β
0
*
0
,
β
0
*
1
,
β
1
*
1
,
…
}
1
⊕
{
α
*
,
β
0
*
0
,
β
0
*
1
,
β
1
*
1
,
…
}
2
⊕
⋯
〉
Wavelet coefficients
⇓
{
(
α
,
α
*
)
}
1
⊕
{
(
α
,
α
*
)
}
2
⊕
{
(
α
,
α
*
)
}
3
⋯
{
(
β
0
0
,
β
0
*
0
)
}
1
⊕
{
(
β
0
0
,
β
0
*
0
)
}
2
⊕
{
(
β
0
0
,
β
0
*
0
)
}
3
⋯
{
(
β
0
1
,
β
0
*
1
)
}
1
⊕
{
(
β
0
1
,
β
0
*
1
)
}
2
⊕
{
(
β
0
1
,
β
0
*
1
)
}
3
⋯
〉
Clusters
⋮
⋮
⋮