Begin     1: Initialization. Set the generation counter ; Initialize the population randomly     and each habitat corresponding to a potential solution to the given problem.   Step  2: Evaluate the fitness for each individual in   Step  3: While the termination criteria is not satisfied do     Sort the population from best to worst.     For each habitat, map the HSI to the number of species ,     Calculate the immigration rate and the emigration rate for each individual .     Modify the population with the migration operator shown in Algorithm 3.     Update the probability for each individual.     Mutate the population with the mutation operation shown in Algorithm 4.     Evaluate the fitness for each individual in .     Sort the population from best to worst.     ;   Step  4: end while End.

Algorithm 5: The algorithm of biogeography based optimization.