Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Vietnam Using Support Vector Machines, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes Models

Table 1

Normalized classes of landslide conditioning factors used.

Data layers	Class	Class pixels (%)	Landslide pixels (%)	Frequency ratio	Attribute	Normalized classes
Slope angle (^°)	0–10	42.82	0.20	0.005	2	0.26
	10–20	29.13	29.93	1.028	4	0.58
	20–30	20.25	54.75	2.704	5	0.74
	30–40	6.84	14.31	2.094	6	0.90
	40–50	0.93	0.80	0.862	3	0.42
	>50	0.04	0.00	0.000	1	0.10
Slope aspect	Flat (−1)	0.06	0.00	0.000	1	0.10
	North (0–22.5 and 337.5–360)	12.02	4.70	0.391	2	0.20
	Northeast (22.5–67.5)	14.56	11.81	0.811	6	0.60
	East (67.5–112.5)	12.06	7.81	0.648	5	0.50
	Southeast (112.5–157.5)	12.04	14.51	1.206	7	0.70
	South (157.5–202.5)	12.90	22.72	1.761	8	0.80
	Southwest (202.5–247.5)	14.60	26.33	1.804	9	0.90
	West (247.5–292.5)	11.31	7.11	0.628	4	0.40
	Northwest (292.5–337.5)	10.46	5.01	0.478	3	0.30
Relief amplitude (m)	0–50	27.00	1.10	0.041	1	0.10
	50–100	23.97	25.43	1.061	3	0.42
	100–150	22.98	41.04	1.786	6	0.90
	150–200	14.75	20.12	1.364	5	0.74
	200–250	7.06	8.41	1.190	4	0.58
	250–532	4.24	3.90	0.920	2	0.26
Lithology	Group 1	4.08	6.31	1.546	6	0.77
	Group 2	39.62	33.43	0.844	4	0.50
	Group 3	32.55	27.13	0.833	3	0.37
	Group 4	11.65	21.62	1.856	7	0.90
	Group 5	1.18	0.00	0.000	1	0.10
	Group 6	5.62	7.81	1.389	5	0.63
	Group 7	5.29	3.70	0.700	2	0.23
Land use	Populated area	7.53	14.01	1.862	10	0.75
	Orchard land	3.71	2.50	0.674	7	0.54
	Paddy land	9.17	4.10	0.448	5	0.39
	Protective forestland	8.58	20.32	2.368	12	0.90
	Natural forestland	31.91	15.62	0.489	6	0.46
	Productive forestland	11.72	22.62	1.930	11	0.83
	Water	3.97	1.00	0.252	4	0.32
	Annual crop land	1.60	0.20	0.125	3	0.25
	Nontree rocky mountain	4.08	7.21	1.767	9	0.68
	Barren land	16.95	12.41	0.732	8	0.61
	Specially used forestland	0.36	0.00	0.000	2	0.17
	Grass land	0.43	0.00	0.000	1	0.10
Soil type	Eutric fluvisols	3.49	6.11	1.751	12	0.83
	Degraded soil	0.03	0.00	0.000	3	0.23
	Limestone mountain	14.42	15.12	1.048	9	0.63
	Ferralic acrisols	36.53	43.84	1.200	10	0.70
	Rhodic ferralsols	8.97	3.40	0.379	7	0.50
	Humic acrisols	30.91	28.13	0.910	8	0.57
	Dystric fluvisols	0.73	2.80	3.828	13	0.90
	Dystric gleysols	0.39	0.60	1.524	11	0.77
	Luvisols	0.46	0.00	0.000	4	0.30
	Humic ferralsols	1.15	0.00	0.000	5	0.37
	Populated area	0.44	0.00	0.000	2	0.17
	Water	2.41	0.00	0.000	1	0.10
	Gley fluvisols	0.08	0.00	0.000	6	0.43
Rainfall (mm)	362–470	22.48	27.23	1.211	3	0.63
	470–540	46.40	35.84	0.772	2	0.37
	540– 610	22.18	9.01	0.406	1	0.10
	610–950	8.94	27.93	3.125	4	0.90
Distance to roads (m)	0–40	1.40	41.64	29.755	4	0.90
	40–80	1.68	21.52	12.788	3	0.63
	80–120	1.88	4.70	2.509	2	0.37
	>120	95.04	32.13	0.338	1	0.10
Distance to rivers (m)	0–40	3.86	14.41	3.731	4	0.90
	40–80	4.52	12.41	2.747	3	0.63
	80–120	4.82	8.31	1.725	2	0.37
	>120	86.80	64.86	0.747	1	0.10
Distance to faults (m)	0–200	18.09	24.02	1.328	5	0.90
	200–400	15.95	11.61	0.728	2	0.30
	400–700	19.89	24.22	1.218	3	0.50
	700–1,000	14.31	18.42	1.287	4	0.70
	>1,000	31.75	21.72	0.684	1	0.10