LGMS-FOA: An Improved Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems

Table 1

Testing function.

𝑓	Function name	Dimension	Optimal solution	Extreme point
𝑓GP	Goldstein and Price	2	3	nonzero point
𝑓SH	Shubert	2	−186.7309	nonzero point
𝑓BR	Branin RCOC	2	0.397887	nonzero point
𝑓RA	Rastrigin	2	−2	zero point
𝑓SP30	Sphere	30	0	zero point
𝑓SP50	Sphere	50	0	zero point