An Extended Non-Lane-Based Optimal Velocity Model with Dynamic Collaboration

Figure 4

Space-time evolution of the headway after 1000000 time steps for different 𝑝_𝑗 and 𝑘₀.

(a) 𝑝_𝑗=0.1, 𝑘₀=0.0 

(b) 𝑝_𝑗=0.1, 𝑘₀=0.1

(c) 𝑝_𝑗=0.1, 𝑘₀=0.125

(d) 𝑝_𝑗=0.1, 𝑘₀=0.13