Improved Power Flow Algorithm for VSC-HVDC System Based on High-Order Newton-Type Method

Table 4

Results of the power flow calculation of DC system.

	DC variable	Converter number	Control mode
			①+③	①+④	②+③	②+④
𝑈𝑑	Newton	VSC1	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000
		VSC2	1.9994	1.9994	1.9994	1.9994
	Algorithm 1	VSC1	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000
		VSC2	1.9994	1.9994	1.9994	1.9994
	Algorithm 2	VSC1	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000
		VSC2	1.9994	1.9994	1.9994	1.9994
	Sixth-order Newton	VSC1	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000
		VSC2	1.9994	1.9994	1.9994	1.9994
𝛿	Newton	VSC1	0.3556	0.3402	0.3381	0.3322
		VSC2	−0.3701	−0.2960	−0.3495	−0.3047
	Algorithm 1	VSC1	0.0062	0.0059	0.0059	0.0058
		VSC2	−0.0065	−0.0052	−0.0061	−0.0053
	Algorithm 2	VSC1	0.0062	0.0059	0.0059	0.0058
		VSC2	−0.0065	−0.0052	−0.0061	−0.0053
	Sixth-order Newton	VSC1	0.0062	0.0059	0.0059	0.0058
		VSC2	−0.0065	−0.0052	−0.0061	−0.0053
𝑀	Newton	VSC1	0.7663	0.7838	0.8282	0.8257
		VSC2	0.7574	0.8188	0.7794	0.8161
	Algorithm 1	VSC1	0.7663	0.7838	0.8282	0.8257
		VSC2	0.7574	0.8188	0.7794	0.8161
	Algorithm 2	VSC1	0.7663	0.7838	0.8282	0.8257
		VSC2	0.7574	0.8188	0.7794	0.8161
	Sixth-order Newton	VSC1	0.7663	0.7838	0.8282	0.8257
		VSC2	0.7574	0.8188	0.7794	0.8161