Explicit Dynamic Finite Element Method for Failure with Smooth Fracture Energy Dissipations

Figure 16

Deformed shape of the thick cylinder under internal pressure at different time steps: (a) 𝑡=1.78 μs, (b) 𝑡=3.42 μs, (c) 𝑡=6.40 μs, and (d) 𝑡=13.50 μs; the long elements are cracked as indicated in (d).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)