An Improved Self-Adaptive PSO Algorithm with Detection Function for Multimodal Function Optimization Problems

Figure 3

The nonlinear change of inertia weight with the detection function 𝜑(𝑡)=|(𝑝_𝑔−𝑥_𝑖(𝑡−1))/(𝑝_𝑖−𝑥_𝑖(𝑡−1))|.