Research Article
An Improved Self-Adaptive PSO Algorithm with Detection Function for Multimodal Function Optimization Problems
Table 1
Basic characters of the benchmark functions.
| Function | Range | Opt. value | Opt. position |
| Multimodal function | | 3.3099 | | Schaffer function | | 0 | | Griewank function | | 0 | | Shubert function | | −186.7309 | |
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