A Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Multimodal Functions and Its Application in Multicircle Detection

Figure 2

CAB numerical example. (a) 3D plot of the function used as example. (b) Initial individual distribution. (c) Initial configuration of memories 𝐌_𝑔 and 𝐌_ℎ. (d) The computation of the first four individuals (𝐚₁,𝐚₂,𝐚₃,𝐚₄). (e) It shows the procedure employed by Step 2 in order to calculate the new individual position 𝐚₈. (f) Positions of all new individuals (𝐚₁,𝐚₂,…,𝐚₁₀). (g) Application of the dominance concept over elements of 𝐌_𝑔 and 𝐌_ℎ. (h) Final memory configurations of 𝐌_𝑔 and 𝐌_ℎ after the first iteration. (i) Final memory configuration of 𝐌_ℎ after 30 iterations.

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