Risk Stratification with Extreme Learning Machine: A Retrospective Study on Emergency Department Patients
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of study patients.
No cardiac arrest within 72 h ()
Cardiac arrest within 72 h ()
valuea
Age (IQR)
63 (51 to 74)
71 (61 to 81)
0.007
Male gender
585 (60.1)
37 (71.2)
0.113
Race
0.080
Chinese
648 (66.6)
41 (78.8)
Malay
147 (15.1)
6 (11.5)
Indian
125 (12.8)
1 (1.9)
Others
53 (5.4)
4 (7.7)
Diagnosis groupingb
<0.001
Cardiovascular
413 (42.4)
12 (23.1)
Respiratory
147 (15.1)
12 (23.1)
Neurological
95 (9.8)
4 (7.7)
Gastrointestinal
50 (5.1)
2 (3.8)
Renal
28 (2.9)
0 (0)
Endocrine
61 (6.3)
4 (7.7)
Infectious diseases
63 (6.5)
2 (3.8)
Vascular
22 (2.3)
3 (5.8)
Trauma
32 (3.3)
2 (3.8)
Cancer
30 (3.1)
10 (19.2)
Others
32 (3.3)
1 (1.9)
Medical historyc
Diabetes
323 (33.2)
15 (28.8)
0.516
Hypertension
532 (54.7)
26 (50)
0.509
Heart disease
345 (35.5)
17 (32.7)
0.684
Renal disease
127 (13.1)
11 (21.2)
0.095
Respiratory disease
116 (11.9)
7 (13.5)
0.739
Stroke
66 (6.8)
6 (11.5)
0.191
Cancer
67 (6.9)
12 (23.1)
<0.001
Others
595 (61.2)
28 (53.8)
0.293
Prior medical therapyd
Beta-blockers
269 (27.6)
13 (25)
0.677
Calcium-channel blockers
189 (19.4)
11 (21.2)
0.759
Digoxin
56 (5.8)
3 (5.8)
0.997
Amiodarone
15 (1.5)
0 (0)
0.367
Other antiarrhythmics
4 (0.4)
1 (1.9)
0.127
Data shown are numbers (%) unless otherwise stated. IQR: interquartile range (25th to 75th percentiles).
a value from either the chi-square test or the Mann-Whitney test as appropriate.
bBased on admitting emergency physician clinical diagnosis.
cMedical history at presentation to the emergency department.
dPrior outpatient medical therapy at presentation to the emergency department.
