Heuristics for Synthesizing Robust Networks with a Diameter Constraint

Figure 5

2-opt, 3-opt exchange, and tabu search solutions for a network with 40 nodes where 𝐷=4.

(a) 2-opt exchange, 𝜆^2opt₂=21.4088

(b) Tabu search, 𝜆^tabu₂=25.0408

(c) 3-opt search, 𝜆^3opt₂=26.0731