An example of typical 2D approach. , , and , where is the Hamming distance on typical 2D binary encoding. An offspring that is quite different from parents is generated by recombination operator.
(a) Parent 1 ()
(b) Parent 2 ()
(c) An offspring generated by geographic crossover from and (not invertible, i.e., infeasible)
(d) Repaired offspring of (c) (invertible, i.e., feasible)
