Three-Dimensional Ground Settlement Induced by Metro Tunnel Excavation Considering the Influence of Group Piles

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2016/4964191/figures/4964191.fig.0018a.svgz" name="4964191.fig.0018a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Example <svg height="8.39864pt" id="M227" style="vertical-align:-0.04981995pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 6.36303 8.39864" width="6.36303pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z" id="g113-50"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2016/4964191/figures/4964191.fig.0018b.svgz" name="4964191.fig.0018b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Example <svg height="8.39864pt" id="M228" style="vertical-align:-0.04981995pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 6.36303 8.39864" width="6.36303pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z" id="g113-51"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2016/4964191/figures/4964191.fig.0018c.svgz" name="4964191.fig.0018c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Example <svg height="8.55521pt" id="M229" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 6.36303 8.55521" width="6.36303pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z" id="g113-52"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="d"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mpe/volume-2016/4964191/figures/4964191.fig.0018d.svgz" name="4964191.fig.0018d" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(d) </b>Example <svg height="8.39864pt" id="M230" style="vertical-align:-0.04981995pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 6.36303 8.39864" width="6.36303pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z" id="g113-53"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="480" vert-adv-y="480"></glyph.data></g></svg></td></tr></table>

<div>Surface settlement induced by tunnels excavation considering the pile effects with different locations and sizes of piles in 3D.</div>

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

fig18

Figure 18

Figure 18: Three-Dimensional Ground Settlement Induced by Metro Tunnel Excavation Considering the Influence of Group Piles 