Research Article
Sociodemographic Determinants of Malaria among Under-Five Children in Ghana
Table 2
Complementary log-log regression model on sociodemographic determinants of malaria.
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
| Mother’s level of education | | | | | No education (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Primary | 1.197 | 1.203 | 1.212 | 1.279 | Secondary | 1.092 | 1.114 | 1.081 | 1.152 | Higher | 0.907 | 1.147 | 1.116 | 1.293 | Religious affiliation | | | | | Christian (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Muslim | 1.241 | 1.263 | 1.227 | 1.341 | Traditionalist/spiritualist | 1.060 | 1.070 | 1.043 | 1.080 | Ethnicity | | | | | Akan (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Ga-Dangme | 0.717 | 0.737 | 1.028 | 1.037 | Ewe | 0.654* | 0.652* | 0.773 | 0.782 | Mole-Dagbani | 1.075 | 1.091 | 1.100 | 1.163 | Others | 1.044 | 1.076 | 1.096 | 1.114 | Mother’s marital status | | | | | Never married (ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Married | 1.480* | 1.431 | 1.453 | 1.429 | Wealth status | | | | | Poor (ref.) | | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | Middle | | 1.126 | 1.161 | 1.240 | Rich | | 0.672 | 0.827 | 0.914 | Region of residence | | | | | Western (ref.) | | | 1.00 | 1.00 | Central | | | 2.865*** | 3.129*** | Greater Accra | | | 1.338 | 1.451 | Volta | | | 2.049* | 2.218* | Eastern | | | 1.639 | 1.712 | Ashanti | | | 2.529*** | 2.992*** | Brong Ahafo | | | 2.922*** | 2.992*** | Northern | | | 2.371** | 2.412** | Upper East | | | 2.262** | 2.325** | Upper West | | | 1.993* | 2.080* | Type of place of residence | | | | | Urban (ref.) | | | 1.00 | 1.00 | Rural | | | 1.015 | 1.115 | Age of mother | | | | | 15–19 (ref.) | | | | 1.00 | 20–29 | | | | 0.929 | 30–39 | | | | 0.976 | 40–49 | | | | 0.993 | Age of child | | | | | >12 (ref.) | | | | 1.00 | 12–23 | | | | 2.514*** | 24–35 | | | | 2.958*** | 36–47 | | | | 3.627** | 48–59 | | | | 3.480* | Sex of child | | | | | Male (ref.) | | | | 1.00 | Female | | | | 0.915 | Ownership of mosquito net | | | | | No (ref.) | | | | 1.00 | Yes | | | | 0.694* |
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Source: computed from GDHS, 2008; ref.: reference category; *, **, and ***.
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