Application of Nontraditional Optimization Techniques for Airfoil Shape Optimization

Table 1

Optimization objectives and constraints.

Angle of attack	5.0 deg
Flow constraint	Subsonic and incompressible
Geometric constraint	Max thickness must be less than 10% chord length
	𝑇TE and 𝑇off the airfoil is zero
Aerodynamic constraint	Lift not less than the original one
Objective	Maximize coefficient of lift