The Contribution of Immune and Glial Cell Types in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis

Table 1

Subtypes of multiple sclerosis.

Disease subtype	Characteristics	Disease activity
Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)	First clinical presentation of a disease that shows characteristics of inflammatory demyelination that could be MS but has yet to fulfil criteria of dissemination in time.	CIS and RRMS may be; (i) not active,; (ii) active (determined by clinical relapses and/or magnetic resonance imaging MRI activity).; Active CIS may become RRMS upon fulfilling MS diagnostic criteria.
Relapsing remitting MS (RRMS)	Clearly defined disease relapses with full recovery or with residual deficit upon recovery. Accounts for approximately 80–85% of MS patients.
Primary progressive MS (PPMS)	Progressive accumulation of disability from onset. Accounts for 10–15% of MS patients.	(i) Active and with progression (measured by clinical evaluation); (ii) Active but without progression; (iii) Not active but with progression; (iv) Not active and without progression (stable disease).
Secondary progressive MS (SPMS)	Progressive accumulation of disability after an initial relapsing disease course. Afflicts up to 90% of RRMS sufferers after 25 years.