Research Article
Association between Smoking and Health Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women Living with Multiple Sclerosis
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of postmenopausal women with multiple sclerosis by smoking status in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study.
| Baseline characteristics | Current smoker () | Past smoker () | Never smoker () |
| | Median (standard deviation) | Years since menopause | 11.9 (7.2) | 13.2 (8.4) | 13.8 (9.4) |
| | Percentages | Age | | | | <50–59 years | 65.2 | 48.4 | 46.1 | 60–69 years | 34.8 | 40.5 | 37.3 | 70–79+ years | 0 | 11.1 | 16.7 | Race/ethnicity | | | | Non-Hispanic white | 89.5 | 90.0 | 90.5 | Non-Hispanic black | 10.5 | 6.4 | 2.4 | Hispanic | 0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | Education | | | | ≤High school | 13.0 | 16.0 | 16.8 | Some college | 47.8 | 36.0 | 36.6 | ≥College graduate | 39.1 | 48.0 | 46.5 | Have any health insurance | 100 | 98.4 | 95.1 | Depressed | 9.1 | 20.8 | 25.0 | Body mass index (kg/m2) | | | | <18.5 (underweight) | 8.7 | 4.8 | 7.8 | 18.5 to <25 (normal) | 47.8 | 48.4 | 42.2 | 25 to <30 (overweight) | 26.1 | 26.2 | 33.3 | 30+ (obese) | 17.4 | 20.6 | 16.7 | Alcohol use | | | | Never drinker | 0 | 4.0 | 18.6 | Past drinker | 17.4 | 15.9 | 16.7 | Current drinker | 82.6 | 80.2 | 64.7 | Menopause hormone therapy | | | | Never user | 34.8 | 34.1 | 35.3 | Past user | 8.7 | 18.3 | 12.8 | Current user | 56.5 | 47.6 | 52.0 | Vitamin D < 400 IU per day | 0 | 3.2 | 4.9 | Age started smoking (years) | | | | <20 | 16.1 | 12.0 | N/A | 20 to 24 | 30.1 | 31.0 | N/A | 25 or older | 53.8 | 57.1 | N/A | Cigarettes smoked (per day) | | | | <15 | 52.0 | 55.1 | N/A | 15 or more | 48.0 | 44.9 | N/A | Years smoked regularly | | | | <10 | 4.3 | 27.3 | N/A | 10 to 29 | 20.2 | 47.6 | N/A | 30 to 49 | 63.4 | 23.7 | N/A | 50 and more | 12.0 | 1.4 | N/A | Pack-years | | | | <10 | 22.2 | 44.9 | N/A | 10 to 29 | 35.1 | 31.7 | N/A | 30 to 49 | 29.2 | 14.5 | N/A | 50 or more | 13.6 | 8.9 | N/A | Age quit smoking (years) | | | | <20 | N/A | 1.8 | N/A | 20 to 29 | N/A | 19.2 | N/A | 30 to 39 | N/A | 25.2 | N/A | 40 or older | N/A | 53.8 | N/A |
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