Multiple Sclerosis: Evaluation of Purine Nucleotide Metabolism in Central Nervous System in Association with Serum Levels of Selected Fat-Soluble Antioxidants

Table 4

(a) Values of selected biochemical parameters (IgG index, QA, and RIG) and serum lipophilic antioxidants and TBARS in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) divided into subgroups according to the occurrence of measured antioxidants in serum −𝛾T (𝛾-tocopherol deficiency only), −𝛾TCoQ₁₀ (𝛾-tocopherol and coenzyme Q₁₀ deficiency), −𝛾TβC (𝛾-tocopherol and 𝛽-carotene deficiency), and −𝛾TCoQ₁₀𝛽C (𝛾-tocopherol, coenzyme Q₁₀, and 𝛽-carotene deficiency). (b) CSF levels of purine nucleotide degradation products, uric acid (UA), hypoxanthine (Hyp), xanthine (Xan), inosine (Ino), and adenosine (Ado) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) divided into subgroups according to the occurrence of measured antioxidants in serum −𝛾T (𝛾-tocopherol deficiency only), −𝛾TCoQ₁₀ (𝛾-tocopherol and coenzyme Q₁₀ deficiency), −𝛾T𝛽C (𝛾-tocopherol and 𝛽-carotene deficiency), and −𝛾TCoQ₁₀𝛽C (𝛾-tocopherol, coenzyme Q₁₀, and 𝛽-carotene deficiency).

(a)

	All MS; (𝑛=42)	Group 1; −𝛾T; (𝑛=16)	Group 2; −𝛾TCoQ10; (𝑛=16)	Group 3; −𝛾T𝛽C; (𝑛=10)	Group 4; −𝛾TCoQ10𝛽C; (𝑛=10)
Age	36; (28–40)	37.5; (32–50)	35; (24–37)	37.5; (29–50)	35; (31–38)
QA	4.95; (3.96–6.47)	4.86; (3.45–7.30)	4.69; (4.02–6.53)	5.24; (4.22–8.28)	6.08; (3.96–7.76)
IgG index	0.82; (0.74–1.14)	0.86; (0.72–1.62)	0.79; (0.72–1.25)	1.09; (0.89–1.19)	1.09; (0.72–1.19)
RIG	8.54; (2.43–19.53)	5.40; (2.20–20.67)	5.40; (2.06–8.91)	19.38∗∗b; (12.25–20.70)	13.61^*b; (4.81–30.46)
𝛾T (μmol/L)	1.50; (1.04–2.00)	1.82; (1.38–2.19)	1.46; (1.29–2.00)	1.70; (1.61–2.11)	1.43; (1.00–1.79)
𝛼T (μmol/L)	21.94; (18.65–25.25)	22.90; (19.10–24.40)	21.68; (18.65–24.55)	24.65; (19.10–25.10)	20.60; (17.40–26.20)
𝛾/𝛼T	0.07; (0.05–0.09)	0.09; (0.06–0.10)	0.07; (0.05–0.09)	0.08; (0.05–0.09)	0.07; (0.07–0.09)
CoQ10 (μmol/L)	0.41; (0.37–0.51)	0.51; (0.43–0.58)	0.38^**ac; (0.33–0.42)	0.55; (0.47–0.59)	0.38^**ac; (0.34–0.43)
𝛽C (μmol/L)	0.43; (0.27–1.06)	0.90; (0.34–1.21)	0.86; (0.52–1.29)	0.31^**ab; (0.26–0.374)	0.27^**ab; (0.24–0.27)
TBARS (μmol/L)	5.11; (4.64–5.64)	4.77; (4.13–5.11)	5.04; (4.44–5.23)	5.15; (4.57–6.28)	5.60^**ab; (5.19–5.86)

The median (interquartile range) is shown.
^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01; ^aVersus group 1; ^bVersus group 2; ^cVersus group 3.

(b)

	Control; (𝑛=34)	Group 1; −𝛾T; (𝑛=16)	Group 2; −𝛾TCoQ10; (𝑛=16)	Group 3; −𝛾T𝛽C; (𝑛=10)	Group 4; −𝛾TCoQ10𝛽C; (𝑛=10)
UA (μmol/L)	15.07; (14.12–16.02)	17.96; (12.78–24.11)	21.29; (12.78–23.28)	20.09*; (17.88–27.54)	17.06; (16.08–20.62)
Hyp (μmol/L)	2.39; (1.85–3.25)	2.79; (1.98–4.04)	3.23; (2.57–4.59)	2.21; (1.91–3.15)	2.72; (1.91–3.68)
Xan (μmol/L)	1.78; (1.11–2.01)	2.34*; (1.54–3.07)	2.39**; (1.54–3.24)	1.88; (1.68–2.34)	2.06; (1.88–2.59)
Ino (μmol/L)	0.91; (0.66–1.16)	1.07*; (0.94–1.48)	1.19**; (1.07–1.53)	1.19**; (0.95–1.68)	1.15*; (1.10–1.35)
Ado (μmol/L)	0.40; (0.27–0.55)	0.17*; (0.13–0.54)	0.12^a**; (0.07–0.17)	0.17**; (0.13–0.24)	0.19**; (0.11–0.28)
Ino/Ado	2.02; (1.14–2.43)	5.08**; (2.52–7.98)	7.25**; (4.92–12.98)	5.35**; (3.63–7.98)	6.77**; (5.07–9.41)
Hyp/Ino	2.50; (2.15–3.32)	2.60; (1.93–3.31)	2.66; (1.94–3.33)	2.14; (1.57–2.32)	2.87; (1.41–3.23)
Hyp/Ado	5.68; (3.70–7.47)	14.52*; (6.54–18.51)	15.72^b,c**; (14.36–47.5)	14.68*; (5.10–17.70)	19.24*; (5.10–30.37)
Xan/Hyp	0.67; (0.60–0.75)	0.84; (0.62–0.98)	0.72; (0.63–0.84)	0.88*; (0.69–0.99)	0.74; (0.62–0.96)
UA/Xan	9.74; (7.06–12.64)	7.86; (6.57–9.41)	7.58; (6.40–9.41)	7.81; (7.11–9.08)	7.41; (6.15–8.50)
UA/Hyp	6.94; (4.73–7.85)	7.60; (4.51–8.84)	5.79; (4.41–8.55)	7.68; (5.91–8.95)	5.27; (4.69–7.04)

The median (interquartile range) is shown.
^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01 versus control group.
^a𝑃=0.0283 versus group 1; ^b𝑃=0.0435 versus group 1; ^c𝑃=0.0783 versus group 3.