Review Article
Meta-Analysis of Three Different Types of Fatigue Management Interventions for People with Multiple Sclerosis: Exercise, Education, and Medication
Table 1
A summary of three types of intervention trials.
| | Exercise intervention trials [25–34] | Educational intervention trials [35–42] | Pharmacological intervention trials (Amantadine or Modafinil) [43–49] |
| trials included in the review | 10 | 8 | 7 | samples included in the analyses | 233 | 662 | 604* | ES (range) | −0.24 to 2.05 | −0.16 to 1.11 | −0.59 to 0.55 | Pooled ES (random effects) |
0.57 | 0.54 | 0.07 | 95% CI for the pooled ES | 0.10 to 1.04 | 0.30 to 0.77 | −0.22 to 0.37 | value | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.63 | Heterogeneity | Yes ( = 26.39, = 0.003; = 65%) | Yes ( = 14.14, = 0.04; = 50%) | Yes ( = 18.66, = 0.004; = 67%) | Publication bias | No (Egger bias = 5.36, = 0.13; Begg-Mazumdar = 0.29, = 0.29) | No (Egger bias = 1.14, = 0.54; Begg-Mazumdar = 0.21, = 0.55) | No (Egger bias = −1.54, = 0.57; Begg-Mazumdar = −0.24, = 0.38) | trials screened for the presence of fatigue as an eligibility criterion (%) | 1 (10%) | 6 (75%) | 7 (100%) | Most common outcome used in the trials (, %) | FSS (6, 60%) | MFIS (4, 50%) | FSS (5, 71%) | of effective trials (%) | 3 (30%) | 6 (75%) | 1 (14%) |
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Include one trial reporting the outcome in a total cross-over sample combined together.
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