Fatigue Is Associated with Poor Sleep in People with Multiple Sclerosis and Cognitive Impairment

Table 1

Demographics and sample characteristics for the 121 subjects.

Age (mean, SD, range)	52.1 years (9.1, 24–65)
Gender (%, 𝑛)	55% (66) females,; 45% (55) males
Type of MS (%, 𝑛)
Relapsing remitting	65% (78)
Secondary progressive	27% (33)
Primary progressive	7% (9)
Progressive relapsing	1% (1)
Disease duration (mean, SD, range)	20.1 years (11.7, 1–47)
EDSS* (mean, SD, range)	4.0 (1.92, 0–7.5)
BDI II* (mean, SD)	9.8 (6.7)
Cognitive testing* (mean, SD)
Stroop	67.3 (7.5)
PASAT	25.9 (9.1)
COWAT	33.6 (10.3)
CVLT-II	−0.53 (1.19)

BDI II: beck depression inventory II, PASAT: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, COWAT: Controlled Oral Word Association Test, CVLT-II: California verbal learning test.
∗Subjects were excluded from the study if they had severe disability (EDSS > 7.5) and significant depression (BDI II ≥ 28) or if they did not have significant cognitive impairment (greater than 1 s.d. less than mean on the Stroop, PASAT, COWAT, or CVLT-II).