Encoding into Visual Working Memory: Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Automatic Processing of Seemingly Redundant Information

Table 1

Summary of the statistical analyses of the ERP results. The 2×2×2 repeated measure ANOVAs for the three different time windows revealed a significant main effect of the factor ESS in the late P3b time window (500–900 ms at Pz) and significant interactions of ESS and complexity in the early (340–500 ms) and the late (500–900 ms; both at Pz) P3b time windows. No significant effects or interactions of the three factors were obtained for the slow-wave potential.

Time window	Pz—340–500 ms	Pz—500–900 ms	T8—900–1600 ms
Factor	𝐹(1,8)	𝐹(1,8)	𝐹(1,8)
ESS (E)	4.23	10.15*	<1
Task (T)	1.31	<1	<1
Complexity (C)	<1	3.85	1.23
E × T	1.82	<1	<1
E × C	13.35**	10.91*	<1
T × C	<1	1.12	2.44
E × T × C	<1	1.06	1.47

Significance levels: *𝑃<0.05; **𝑃<0.01.