Auditory Stimulation Dishabituates Olfactory Responses via Noradrenergic Cortical Modulation

Figure 3

Auditory stimulation induces dishabituation of odor-evoked autonomic reflexes. All groups showed significant habituation of the heart rate orienting reflex (HROR). Initial mean raw response magnitude did not differ between groups. Experimental animals were then presented with the siren and odor responses re-tested. Odor-evoked responses in noninfused and aCSF-infused experimental animals showed a significant increase in postacoustic response magnitude compared to habituation levels (asterisk). Control animals, which received no siren stimulus, and propranolol-infused rats that did receive the acoustic stimulus showed no dishabituation. There was no significant change in basal heart rate across time points in any group.