Review Article

Age-Related Decline in Controlled Retrieval: The Role of the PFC and Sleep

Table 2

Retrieval processes influenced by advanced aging, PFC damage, and sleep deprivation. Simple item recognition is thought not to depend on the PFC except under conditions in which subjects are required to distinguish between studied items and unstudied items semantically related to studied items (false recognition). Some effects of aging, PFC, and sleep deprivation on these memory processes are attributable to impairments in both retrieval as well as encoding strategies.

Cued recall
 Aging [168, 169]
 Frontal lobe damage [32]
 Sleep deprivation [130, 170]
False recognition (False alarming to related lures)
 Aging [132, 133]
 Frontal lobe damage [28, 30, 32, 131]
 Sleep deprivation [134]
Free recall
 Aging [133, 171]
 Frontal lobe damage [28, 172, 173]
 Sleep deprivation [102, 174]
Temporal order memory
 Aging [67, 175, 176]
 Frontal lobe damage [177, 178]
 Sleep deprivation [129]