Quality and Timing of Stressors Differentially Impact on Brain Plasticity and Neuroendocrine-Immune Function in Mice

Figure 3

Effect of RS and SS on the immune system response. Restraint stress procedure. Following 7 days of restraint stress the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α increases, (b) while the increase in IL-6 during days 7 and 21 just missed statistical significance (a); by contrast the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased following 21 days (c). The percentage of apoptotic splenocytes was found to be decreased following 21 days of stress (d). Social stress procedure. Levels of IL-10 were increased already after 7 days of the SS procedure (f). Splenocytes apoptosis was increased after 7 days of SS and decreased following 21 days (g). No difference is evident as for levels of IL-6 (e). Results are presented as mean + S.E.M. **𝑃<0.01, *𝑃<0.05.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)