Preclinical Evidences for an Antimanic Effect of Carvedilol

Figure 2

Number of crossings and rearings in the open field test in animals submitted to the prevention ((a), (c)) and reversal ((b), (d)) treatments. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test. Values represent mean ± SEM (6–8 animals/group). ^∗ versus Sal + Sal; ^# versus Sal + LDX or LDX + LDX. CVD: carvedilol; LDX: lisdexamfetamine; OFT: open field test; Sal: saline; VAL: valproate.

(a)

(b)

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(d)