Lithium and Valproate Levels Do Not Correlate with Ketamine’s Antidepressant Efficacy in Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression
Table 1
Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects with treatment-resistant bipolar depression maintained on therapeutic dose lithium () and valproate ().
Lithium ()
Valproate ()
value
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
Age, years
45.04 (12.22)
49.62 (8.42)
0.24
Length of illness, years
26.96 (11.45)
32.00 (8.41)
0.17
Length of current depressive episode, months
17.71 (23.05)
16.00 (14.94)
0.81
Total lifetime antidepressant trials
9.36 (4.90)
10.67 (2.08)
0.67
Clinical ratings (at baseline)
HAM-D
21.36 (4.18)
21.00 (3.16)
0.80
CADSS
2.50 (4.81)
2.33 (3.89)
0.92
HAM-A
21.00 (4.21)
21.91 (3.75)
0.55
(%)
(%)
Bipolar I disorder
14 (60.9%)
7 (53.8%)
0.74
Education
0.18
Prehigh school
0 (0.0%)
0 (0.0%)
High school
4 (17.4%)
0 (0.0%)
Some college
11 (47.8%)
4 (30.8%)
College
4 (17.4%)
4 (30.8%)
Graduate/professional
4 (17.4%)
5 (38.5%)
Sex, female
15 (65.2%)
6 (46.2%)
0.31
Lifetime diagnosis
Anxiety disorder
14 (60.9%)
5 (38.5%)
0.30
Alcohol use disorder
12 (52.2%)
7 (53.8%)
1.00
Substance use disorder (nonnicotine)
9 (39.1%)
8 (61.5%)
0.30
Family history
Alcohol use disorder, 1st-degree relative
6 (26.1%)
7 (53.8%)
0.15
Alcohol use disorder, 2nd-degree relative
15 (65.2%)
5 (38.5%)
0.17
Mood disorder
20 (87.0%)
12 (92.3%)
1.00
Anxiety disorder
7 (30.4%)
2 (15.4%)
0.12
Suicide attempt
6 (26.1%)
4 (30.8%)
0.76
Lifetime history
Suicide attempt
10 (43.5%)
8 (61.5%)
0.18
Abuse
Physical
3 (13.0%)
3 (23.1%)
0.58
Sexual
6 (26.1%)
5 (38.5%)
0.46
HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; CADSS: Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale; HAM-A: Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety.
