The Neural Correlates of Long-Term Carryover following Functional Electrical Stimulation for Stroke
Table 1
Patients characteristics.
Pz
Age [years]
Sex [male/female]
Site of lesion
Type of stroke
Time [months]
Gait velocity [m/s]
Endurance velocity [m/s]
Paretic step length [mm]
TAAI 0–1
MRC 1–5
Capacity Score
Mirror movements condition
Training device
Carryover effect evaluation
pz01
53
M
L GP
H
37
0.43
1.02
490
0.68
3
20.67
V
WalkAid
—
pz02
23
M
R MCA
H
23
0.64
0.82
486
0.60
3
20.30
No
WalkAid
Yes
pz03
38
F
R GP
I
23
0.25
0.28
194
0.48
2
8.15
V
Bioness
No
pz04
64
F
L MCA
H + I
13
0.32
0.50
345
0.56
3
14.33
No
WalkAid
Yes
pz05
19
M
L MCA
H
44
0.82
1.01
561
0.44
3
23.42
No
WalkAid
No
pz06
47
F
L GP
H
44
0.52
0.82
513
0.46
3
21.26
FV, V
WalkAid
Yes
pz07
25
F
R MCA
I
30
0.70
0.98
591
0.62
3
24.50
FV, V
WalkAid
No
pz08
46
M
R GP
I
13
0.49
0.58
420
0.43
3
17.31
FV, V
WalkAid
No
pz09
57
M
L caudate nucleus
I
6
0.33
0.50
310
0.70
2
12.97
No
Bioness
—
pz10
49
M
R MCA
I
89
0.33
0.58
340
0.65
2
14.26
V
WalkAid
—
pz11
45
F
R MCA
I
9
0.26
0.71
250
0.68
3
11.18
No
Bioness
—
pz12
57
M
R parietal sub. + BG
I
18
0.39
0.75
350
0.68
2
14.93
No
WalkAid
No
pz13
33
M
L parac. lobule
I
6
0.34
0.32
410
0.82
3
16.25
No
WalkAid
No
pz14
61
F
R MCA
H
158
0.40
1.36
430
0.69
2
18.50
No
WalkAid
Yes
Minimum to maximum scores (or units) are expressed under each outcome score. Pz: patient; M: male; F: female; R: right; L: left; MCA: middle cerebral artery; ACA: anterior cerebral artery; GP: Globus Pallidus; parac.: paracentral; sub.: subcortical; BG: Basal Ganglia; H: haemorrhagic; I: ischemic; time: time since stroke at the time of first assessment; TAAI: Tibialis Anterior Activation Index; MRC: Medical Research Council index; FV: fMRI protocol condition, attempted voluntary movement with concurrent FES; V: fMRI protocol condition, voluntary movement without FES.
